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Pillar 02 · Investor residency

Golden visas & residency.

Fifteen routes across ten countries, compared on what separates them in practice: how much time you must actually spend there, whether it ever becomes citizenship, and which relatives are allowed to come.

Check your eligibility → Book a private consultation
15Routes across ten countries
11With no minimum stay at all
5Years to citizenship, at the fastest
29Schengen states reachable visa-free

The short version

Residency first. Citizenship, if it comes, comes later.

A golden visa buys the right to live, work and study in a country: usually in exchange for real estate, a regulated fund, or a business investment. In Europe it also buys movement: a residence permit in a Schengen state lets you travel across twenty-nine of them without a visa.

What it does not buy is a passport. Citizenship, where it is available, sits at the end of a qualifying period (five years in Portugal and France, seven in Greece, ten in Italy and Malta) and the clock often only runs if you are genuinely present. Greece will grant citizenship after seven years, but only to someone spending more than half of each year there. That is a different life from a seven-day annual visit.

So the honest question is not which programme is cheapest. It is what you actually want the permit to do: hold an option open, move a family, relocate a business, or start a clock towards a European passport. Those four answers point at four different countries.

All fifteen, side by side

Compare the routes.

Filter by what you actually need. European figures are published in euros, US and Panamanian in dollars, and we have left each in its own currency rather than converting at a rate that dates.

Show
Investor residency routes compared by investment, timeframe, stay requirement and path to citizenship
Country & route Investment from Timeframe Stay required Citizenship
United StatesEB-5 Immigrant Investor Program $1,050,000 / $800,000 TEA 2 to 7 years Must maintain permanent residence; physical presence required for naturalisation 5 years as a permanent resident
PortugalGolden Visa (ARI) €500,000+ (fund route) 12+ months Average of 7 days per year 5 years
PortugalGlobal Talent Program €170,000+ 4+ months None 5 years
PortugalARI Cultural Donation €200,000 (donation) Approximately 12 months 7 days per year 5 years
MaltaPermanent Residence Programme (MPRP) €169,000+ 6+ months None 10 years continuous residence
MaltaGlobal Residence Program (GRP) €500,000+ in assets 3+ months Must not spend more than 183 days per year in any other single country Not stated
GreeceGolden Visa €250,000+ / €400,000+ / €800,000+ 4+ months None 7 years, requiring 183+ days per year of physical presence
HungaryGuest Investor Program (GIP) €250,000+ / €500,000+ / €1,000,000+ 5+ months None Not stated
HungaryBusiness Visa €7,700+ 6+ months None Not stated
ItalyInvestor Visa €250,000+ / €500,000+ / €1,000,000+ / €2,000,000 3 to 4 months None for permit renewal 10 years of legal residence
ItalyHotel Project €250,000 On request None Not stated
FrancePasseport Talent: Investisseur Économique Direct €300,000+ 2 to 5 months None 5 years
LatviaResidence by Investment €50,000+ (small business) 3+ months None Permanent residency in 5 years
CyprusPermanent Residency by Investment €300,000+ 9+ months Visit once every 2 years Not stated
PanamaQualified Investor Visa (QIV) $300,000+ (real estate) 3 to 6 months Visit at least once every 2 years 5 years of permanent residency, subject to basic Spanish and a civics test

Ask what you want the permit to do before you ask what it costs. The answer changes the country.

Guiding principle · NIMARIA, since 1998 Integrity · Personalisation · Efficiency · Ethics

Country by country

The ten countries in detail.

Full terms, benefits and family eligibility for every route. Jump to the country you are weighing, or read straight through.

United States

1 route

The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program is the only route here that leads to a green card directly, in exchange for capital that creates or preserves at least ten full-time American jobs.

EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program

Green cardPath to citizenship

Conditional permanent residence through investment in a US business that creates or preserves at least ten full-time jobs for American workers.

Investment from
$1,050,000 / $800,000 TEAplus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
2 to 7 yearsto approval
Holding period
2 years conditional residenceon qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 years as a permanent residentsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement Must maintain permanent residence; physical presence required for naturalisation

Key benefits

Right to live and work
A direct path to a US green card, granting the right to live, work and study anywhere in the United States.
Path to citizenship
Eligibility for US citizenship after five years as a permanent resident.
Education
Access to US universities and schools, where in-state tuition rates may apply.
Family inclusion
Spouse and unmarried children under 21 receive green cards simultaneously.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Unmarried children under 21. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Not eligible Not eligible.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for USA →

Portugal

3 routes

Three separate routes to residency, all leading to Schengen access and citizenship eligibility after five years, and all with a famously low physical-presence requirement.

Golden Visa (ARI)

EU / SchengenCitizenship in 5 years

The fund route. NIMARIA is a certified agent for most Portuguese government-approved funds.

Investment from
€500,000+ (fund route)plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
12+ monthsto approval
Holding period
5 to 10 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 yearssubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement Average of 7 days per year

Key benefits

Right to live, work and study
Granted without any obligation to relocate or to acquire Portuguese tax residence.
Schengen mobility
Visa-free travel within the Schengen Area for the holder and eligible family members.
Low physical presence
An average of seven days per year keeps the permit compatible with a global lifestyle.
Public services
Eligibility to access public healthcare and education, subject to standard enrolment conditions.
Status progression
A clear pathway to permanent residence and citizenship after five years, subject to legal requirements.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Married or registered partner of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 26 if unmarried, financially dependent, enrolled in full-time university education and living with the investor. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Aged 65 or over without proof of financial dependence. Under 65 must evidence financial dependence on the investor.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.

Global Talent Program

EU / SchengenNo minimum stay

Residency through a contract with a Portuguese university or research and development institution.

Investment from
€170,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
4+ monthsto approval
Holding period
Not applicableon qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 yearssubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Residency through R&D
Residency granted through contracting with a Portuguese university or R&D institution.
Schengen access
Visa-free entry to the Schengen Area.
Pathway to citizenship
Prospect of citizenship in five years.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 26 if unmarried, financially dependent and in full-time education. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Not eligible Not eligible.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.

ARI Cultural Donation

EU / SchengenLowest-cost EU route

A donation to cultural projects supporting Portuguese heritage, the lowest-cost active EU residency route.

Investment from
€200,000 (donation)plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
Approximately 12 monthsto approval
Holding period
Noneon qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 yearssubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement 7 days per year

Key benefits

Full EU / Schengen residency
With a seven-day annual stay requirement.
Path to citizenship
Prospect of citizenship in five years.
Tax benefits
A ten-year exemption from tax on foreign income for qualifying individuals under the IFICI regime.
Europe’s lowest-cost route
The lowest-cost active EU residency route currently available.
Cultural impact
The donation supports real cultural projects sustaining Portugal’s heritage.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 26 if unmarried, financially dependent and in full-time education. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Portugal →

Malta

2 routes

Two distinct residency programmes, both giving Schengen access. English is an official language, and Maltese healthcare is ranked fifth globally.

Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP)

EU / SchengenNo minimum stay

Life-long permanent residency with no local residence requirement.

Investment from
€169,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
6+ monthsto approval
Holding period
5 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
10 years continuous residencesubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Life-long residency
Permanent residency with no local residence requirements.
Schengen access
Visa-free travel within the Schengen Area, with the right to stay in any country for up to 90 days in every 180-day period.
Education
Access to British and American curricula alongside low-cost public education.
Healthcare
Access to a healthcare system ranked fifth globally.
Naturalisation
The opportunity to apply for citizenship by naturalisation after residing continuously in Malta for ten years.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Spouse or partner of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 29 if unmarried and financially dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Grandparents Eligible Grandparents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.

Global Residence Program (GRP)

EU / SchengenTax regime

A special tax status rather than a route to permanent settlement.

Investment from
€500,000+ in assetsplus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
3+ monthsto approval
Holding period
While residency is maintainedon qualifying assets
Citizenship
Not statedsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement Must not spend more than 183 days per year in any other single country

Key benefits

Tax optimisation
A 15% income tax rate under a special regime.
Schengen access
Visa-free entry to the Schengen Area.
No stay requirement in Malta
The condition is not to spend more than 183 days per year in another country.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Children under 25 who are dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Grandparents Eligible Grandparents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Siblings Eligible Siblings of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Check eligibility for Malta →

Greece

1 route

Launched in 2013 and now one of Europe’s most active residency-by-investment schemes, with the widest family definition on this page.

Golden Visa

EU / SchengenNo minimum stayEst. 2013

Three price tiers depending on location and property type.

Investment from
€250,000+ / €400,000+ / €800,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
4+ monthsto approval
Holding period
While residency is maintainedon qualifying assets
Citizenship
7 years, requiring 183+ days per year of physical presencesubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Schengen access
Visa-free travel across 29 European states.
Affordability
One of the lowest-cost entry points into the European Union via the €250,000 commercial-to-residential conversion and heritage restoration route.
Tax incentives
A flat €100,000 annual levy on foreign income for high-net-worth individuals relocating.
No minimum stay
No obligation to reside in Greece to maintain the permit.
Real estate range
From beachfront villas to commercial property in Athens and Thessaloniki.
Path to citizenship
Prospect of citizenship after seven years, which does require substantial physical presence.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Spouse or registered civil partner of any age. Same-sex marriage has been recognised since February 2024.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 21 if unmarried and financially dependent. Aged 21 to 24 if studying in Greece, unmarried and financially dependent. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of both the investor and the spouse, of any age. No proof of financial dependency is required.
Grandparents Eligible Grandparents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Greece →

Hungary

2 routes

The Guest Investor Program launched in 2024 and is the only route on this page offering a ten-year permit from the outset.

Guest Investor Program (GIP)

EU / SchengenNo minimum stayEst. 2024

A ten-year residency permit, renewable for a further ten.

Investment from
€250,000+ / €500,000+ / €1,000,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
5+ monthsto approval
Holding period
While residency is maintainedon qualifying assets
Citizenship
Not statedsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Ten-year permit
Valid for a full ten years initially and renewable for another ten.
No strict minimum stay
No strict minimum stay requirement to maintain the permit.
Right to live, work and study
Full rights to live, work and study in Hungary.
Tax environment
Corporate tax at 9%, income at 15% and inheritance at 18%.
Healthcare and education
Access to national healthcare and to internationally recognised universities.
Cost of living
Lower than most of Western Europe.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Spouse or partner of any age.
Children Eligible Children under 18 who are dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent, and who can demonstrate that their pension is their only income source.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.

Business Visa

EU / SchengenNo minimum stay

A residence permit for entrepreneurs intending to do business in and relocate to Hungary.

Investment from
€7,700+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
6+ monthsto approval
Holding period
While residency is maintainedon qualifying assets
Citizenship
Not statedsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Business and relocation
A residence permit for entrepreneurs looking to do business and relocate to Hungary.
Schengen access
Visa-free entry to the Schengen Area.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Children under 18 who are dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Hungary →

Italy

2 routes

A structured route to EU residence with unusually flexible presence requirements, and the only programme here where the visa is granted before the money moves.

Investor Visa

EU / SchengenNo minimum stayInvest after approval

Four qualifying options, from innovative startups to government bonds.

Investment from
€250,000+ / €500,000+ / €1,000,000+ / €2,000,000plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
3 to 4 monthsto approval
Holding period
5 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
10 years of legal residencesubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None for permit renewal

Key benefits

Right to live and work
The residence permit grants the right to live and work in Italy.
Schengen access
Access to the Schengen Area and broader EU residence benefits.
No minimum stay
No minimum stay for permit renewal, suiting those who keep a primary residence elsewhere.
Visa first, invest after
Applicants complete the qualifying investment after the initial visa has been granted.
Progression
EU long-term residence after five years; Italian citizenship after ten years of legal residence.
Tax considerations
A €300,000 flat tax regime is available to high-net-worth individuals relocating their tax residence to Italy.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 or over only if financially dependent due to health issues leading to total disability. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Any age under strict conditions: financially dependent on the investor and with no other children in their country of origin. Alternatively, aged 65 or over where other children cannot support them for documented serious health reasons.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.

Hotel Project

EU / SchengenYield-bearing

A tokenised hotel investment with defined economic rights and exit options.

Investment from
€250,000plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
On requestto approval
Holding period
Until the hotel is soldon qualifying assets
Citizenship
Not statedsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Economic rights
A 3% annual yield, capital returned on sale of the hotel, and participation in capital gains.
Exit options
Sell the token to private parties, or exercise a buy-back option with the sponsor.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Children under 18 who are dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Eligible Dependent parents of any age.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Italy →

France

1 route

A direct residency pathway through the Passeport Talent framework, with a four-year permit and no language requirement.

Passeport Talent: Investisseur Économique Direct

EU / SchengenNo minimum stayCitizenship in 5 years

Direct investment into a French operating company.

Investment from
€300,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
2 to 5 monthsto approval
Holding period
Minimum of 5 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 yearssubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Four-year renewable permit
The Carte Talent runs for four years, removing the need for annual renewals.
Right to work and operate businesses
Full rights to work and run businesses in France.
Family inclusion
Spouse and dependent minor children are included in the same application. Spouse and adult children automatically obtain work rights.
No obligation to reside
No minimum stay requirement.
No language requirement
None is imposed for residency.
Healthcare and education
Access to French healthcare and education.
Path to citizenship
A clear path to permanent residency and citizenship after five years.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Dependent minor children under 18. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Not eligible Not eligible. Parents are not automatically included and would require separate legal grounds for residence.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for France →

Latvia

1 route

The lowest capital requirement of any EU route on this page, through a small business investment.

Residence by Investment

EU / SchengenNo minimum stay

Note that the real estate route is currently suspended.

Investment from
€50,000+ (small business)plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
3+ monthsto approval
Holding period
5 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
Permanent residency in 5 yearssubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement None

Key benefits

Schengen access
Visa-free access to the Schengen Area.
Right to live
The residence permit grants the right to live in Latvia.
No stay requirements
No minimum stay requirements apply.
Progression
Prospect of permanent residency in five years.
Real estate route
A €250,000+ real estate option exists but is currently suspended.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age.
Children Eligible Unmarried children under 18 who are financially dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Not eligible Not eligible.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Latvia →

Cyprus

1 route

Life-long permanent residency where a visit once every two years is enough to maintain it.

Permanent Residency by Investment

EUTax advantages

Cyprus is an EU member state but not part of the Schengen Area.

Investment from
€300,000+plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
9+ monthsto approval
Holding period
While residency is maintainedon qualifying assets
Citizenship
Not statedsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement Visit once every 2 years

Key benefits

Life-long permanent residency
No stay requirements beyond visiting once every two years.
Tax advantages
The lowest corporate tax rate in Europe at 12.5%, and a 5% pension tax rate.
Right to live
Full right to live in Cyprus.
Passive income
Profits and passive income from investments in liquid assets are treated favourably.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Spouse or life partner of any age.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 25 if unmarried students and financially dependent on the main applicant. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify.
Parents Not eligible Not eligible.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Cyprus →

Panama

1 route

The Qualified Investor Visa grants permanent residency from day one (no temporary stage) in the logistics and financial hub of the Americas.

Qualified Investor Visa (QIV)

Immediate PRNo minimum stayCitizenship in 5 years

Permanent residency from day one through real estate investment.

Investment from
$300,000+ (real estate)plus fees & due diligence
Indicative timeframe
3 to 6 monthsto approval
Holding period
5 yearson qualifying assets
Citizenship
5 years of permanent residency, subject to basic Spanish and a civics testsubject to legal requirements

Stay requirement Visit at least once every 2 years

Key benefits

Immediate permanent residency
Unlike most programmes, Panama grants permanent residency from day one, with no temporary residence stage.
Territorial tax system
No tax on foreign-sourced income; only Panama-sourced income is taxed.
USD-based economy
The US dollar is legal tender alongside the Balboa, pegged 1:1, removing currency risk on dollar assets.
Strategic location
The logistics and financial hub of the Americas, with access to markets of over 600 million people.
Right to live and work
Full residency rights, including owning property, opening bank accounts and operating businesses.
Cost of living
Significantly more affordable than North America or Europe, with strong private healthcare and international schooling.
Global mobility
The Panamanian passport offers visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 140 destinations, including most of the EU and the UK.
Fast processing
Typically 30 to 90 business days after investment verification.

Who you can include

Spouse Eligible Legally married spouse of any age, same-sex couples included.
Children Eligible Under 18 automatically. Aged 18 to 25 if financially dependent and in full-time study. Children of any age living with a physical or mental disability and fully supported by the main applicant also qualify. Dependent relatives with disabilities of any age can also be included.
Parents Eligible Parents of any age who are financially dependent on the main applicant.
Grandparents Not eligible Not eligible.
Siblings Not eligible Not eligible.
Check eligibility for Panama →

How a residency file runs

Five stages, in order.

01

Eligibility & intent

What you want the permit to do: hold an option, move a family, relocate a business, or start a clock towards a passport. This decides the country.

02

Route selection

Shortlisting against presence requirements, family reach, tax exposure and the durability of the programme itself.

03

File & investment structuring

Document collection, source-of-funds evidence, and structuring the qualifying investment: fund subscription, company formation or property acquisition.

04

Submission & biometrics

Consular or in-country filing, background checks, biometrics appointments and liaison with the issuing authority through to approval.

05

Permit & renewals

Residence card issued, then the part most advisers skip: tracking renewal dates, presence obligations and the qualifying period towards permanent residence.

What sits on top

The investment is not the whole cost.

Residency routes carry more recurring cost than citizenship routes, because the permit has to be renewed and the investment held.

Government & application fees

Charged per applicant and per dependant at filing, and again at each renewal. Several European programmes also levy a separate residence-card fee.

Transaction & holding costs

Property transfer taxes, notary and registration fees, fund subscription charges, and the annual cost of holding the qualifying asset for its full period.

Professional & renewal fees

Legal representation, translation, biometrics appointments and renewal filings across the qualifying period. Our own fee is fixed and agreed in writing at the outset.

A full costing over the whole holding period, for your family composition and in your own currency, is prepared as part of the preliminary assessment, at no cost.

Common questions

Asked before every engagement.

No, and the distinction matters more than any other on this page. A golden visa grants residency: the right to live in a country. Citizenship, where it is available at all, comes later and usually requires years of qualifying residence, sometimes with real physical presence and a language test. Portugal and France reach citizenship at five years; Italy and Malta at ten; Greece at seven but only with 183+ days a year actually spent there.

Malta’s MPRP, Greece, Hungary, Italy, France and Latvia impose no minimum stay to hold the permit. Portugal’s ARI routes ask for an average of seven days a year. Cyprus and Panama ask for a visit once every two years. The United States is the outlier: EB-5 requires you to actually maintain permanent residence.

Usually yes, and several programmes are explicitly designed for it: Portugal’s ARI carries no obligation to acquire Portuguese tax residence, and Italy’s permit renews without minimum stay. But holding residency and being tax resident are separate tests, and the second is decided by where you actually spend your time. Take advice in your own jurisdiction; we are not tax advisers.

It happens. Latvia’s real estate route is currently suspended, and Portugal’s property option was withdrawn in 2023. Applications already filed are generally assessed under the rules in force when submitted, but that is not a guarantee, and it is a reason not to move slowly once a route is chosen.

Not directly. European programmes publish in euros and the United States and Panama in US dollars, and we have kept each in its published currency rather than converting at a rate that would be out of date by the time you read it. A full costing in your own currency forms part of the preliminary assessment.

Not always. Italy’s Investor Visa is deliberately structured the other way round: the visa is granted first and the qualifying investment is completed afterwards. Most other routes require the capital to be committed and verified before approval.

It depends heavily on the programme, and this is where the differences are sharpest. Greece accepts the parents of both spouses with no dependency proof at all. Malta accepts parents and grandparents. Italy accepts parents only under strict conditions. France, Latvia, Cyprus and the United States do not accept them at all.

Take the first step

Tell us where you want your family to be in five years.

Start with the free preliminary assessment, or book a private thirty-minute consultation. Both are confidential, and neither commits you to anything.

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